The current flowing from the earth towards the coating holiday is usually concentrated around the coating defect. That means it moves more or less equally in all directions, radiating towards the holiday for a short radius (three to five meters) around the holiday before achieving the steady state direction from the transmitter. The current pattern at the coating holiday is in an omnidirectional shape. In ACVG surveys, AC current is generated due to an AC voltage applied to a pipeline - which will allow current to flow from the current injection source (i.e., the ground) to coating defects in the pipeline through the earth and return back through the pipeline metal to the voltage source connection.
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